Duties and Responsibilities of Stakeholders

For managers, a scholarly theory that other stakeholders should have some duties— towards the firm, in particular—should be a pleasant relief. However, key lessons for managers are that responsibilities towards the firm require that managers first conduct themselves morally; and that other stakeholder responsibilities often involve moral and citizenship duties requiring collective action, for which business leadership may be crucial. Mutual and joint responsibilities of stakeholders separate into four general categories: with the firm; among stakeholders themselves; common pool resources (especially nature); and the commonwealth. Stakeholder responsibilities are thus separable into those of interdependent actors, moral individuals and citizens. Interdependent responsibilities are arguably weaker than moral and citizenship responsibilities, and may amount only to benevolence in the stakeholder context absent those other responsibilities. 1.Stakeholdersuch of business ethics boils down to exhortation concerning proper managerial conduct, in various circumstances, or defences of managerial practices generally based on the economic development benefits of markets (see Wilson 1989). Thinking about ethics from a manager’s perspective is perhaps more difficult. 2.To perceive, or propose, imbalance in the prevailing conceptualisation of business responsibilities. The idea is to establish the responsibilities of stakeholders other than managers and owners, including duties to the firm. There is substantial merit in the proposed thesis. Constructs such as corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsiveness, corporate social performance and global corporate citizenship all emphasise—as they were intended to do—the duties of and constraints on the motives (or goals) and conduct (or actions) of firms: i.e. the managers and owners of joint-stock public corporations or privately held companies. 1 In an effort to rebalance conceptualisation of responsibilities, this special issue considers the duties of and constraints on the motives and conduct of stakeholders (other than managers and owners, themselves stakeholders) defined in relationship to both the focal firm and other stakeholders of that firm. Stakeholders also have a collective impact on nature, and either collectively or in national groups joint responsibility for one or more commonwealths. For managers, that other stakeholders should have some duties—towards the firm, in particular—should presumably be a pleasant relief from widespread assault, on various grounds, by business critics and calls for greater corporate responsibilities and global citizenship activities. This author suggests, however, that there are some key lessons for managers in the proposed reconsideration of stakeholders’ responsibilities. Responsibilities towards the firm will require that managers first conduct themselves morally, and existing notions of corporate responsibility and citizenship do not necessarily obtain that pattern of conduct. Other stakeholder responsibilities often involve moral and citizenship duties requiring collective action, such that managers will often need to lead the way—as in child labour and environmental protection issues. The stakeholder role cannot be readily separated from general considerations of moral reflection and citizenship. A difficulty is that the stakeholder role must be considered by case and circumstance. While responsibilities towards other stakeholders are arguably stronger than responsibilities to the firm (such that managers must demonstrate by moral conduct worthiness to be the object of such responsibilities by others), those responsibilities, while interdependent, often do not occur at first hand but rather often through a chain of distant repercussions. It is therefore an additional step, conceptually and practically, to add accountability for specific outcomes beyond simple notions duane windsor

Can We Affect Political Change essays

Can We Affect Political Change essays I think we can affect the progression of Canada's political changes, by making a stand as a group, we can help mould the changes made in our societal goals and create a strong and sustainable economy, and over time make Canada a better place to live. Their will always be an opposition to peace or of symbiotic relationships between all things, but we are only weak if we let that hinder what we want as a society. However, there are people such as Martin Luther King and Lester B. Pearson who have proved that we can in fact achieve political change. Martin Luther Kings speech in 1963 has made a huge impact of how white people view and treat black people, his speech helped change our society freed black people from their own sense of having to except oppression, the saying all men were created equal despite our difference's has become more true then ever before. Lester Pearson was a career foreign service officer who became Prime Minister of Canada, at the time of our centennial in 1967. His message was that we could build this nation on the strength of two official languages and that we could be a multi cultural society. Mr. Pearson's vision changed this country for ever. The people of this country began to invite families from every part of the world and many people began to realize that when we worked together we could make our dreams become realitys. We began to have confidence as a nation and our sense of community became stronger then ever. Mr. Pearson was followed by prime minister Pierre Trudeau, whos strength of character, intellect and sheer strength of personality caused Canadians in every region across the country to begin to act upon their strengths and to pay less attention to their weakness' perhaps his greatest contribution was the Charter of rights and freedoms. The Charter dramatically strengthened the rights of individuals such that none of us need to be forced into a grey background without ...

Strong Report Card Comments for Language Arts

Strong Report Card Comments for Language Arts A comment on a report card is meant to provide additional information about the students progress and level of achievement. It should give the parent or guardian a clear picture of what the student has accomplished, as well as what he has to work on in the future. It can be hard to think of a unique comment to write on each students report card. To help you find the right words, use this compiled list of language arts report card comments. Positive Comments Use the following phrases to make positive comments regarding students’ progress in language arts. Reads eagerly during silent timeMakes good use of our classroom libraryUses text and pictures to predict and confirmElects to read or look at books during free timeChooses to write during classroom free timeTakes home books from our classroom libraryShares his written work with the whole classAnalyzes characters actionsAnalyzes story plotsCompares books to others by the same authorHas many interesting story ideasHas well-developed characters in her storiesHas a good attitude about booksRecognizes high-frequency wordsProduces oral reports that demonstrate knowledge and research skillsShows increasing confidence and competence in...Uses approximations for spelling, which is very appropriate at this timeUses beginning and ending sounds to identify wordsSpells many difficult wordsUses correct grammarWrites legiblyWorks to make her handwriting legibleContributes at our brainstorming sessionsListens as well as shares during classroom discussionsCommunicates with accuracyCompares and contra sts similar and dissimilar ideas Chooses suitably challenging reading materialRetells stories in correct sequenceReads with expressionWorks on the editing processSelf-corrects Needs Improvement On those occasions when you need to convey less-than-positive information on a report card, use the following phrases. Cannot predict story outcomes with confidenceHas difficulty with high-frequency wordsDoes not use our classroom libraryDoes not choose books or writing as an activity for free timeDoes not edit work carefullyUnwilling to rewrite or make changes in written workHas trouble sitting while listening to a storyReluctant to speak in front of the group or whole classShows some attention to print, but mostly makes up meanings from picturesHas trouble sitting while listening to a storyReluctant to speak in front of the groupGets discouraged when...Has a limited vocabularyDoesn’t seem to enjoy books or stories to readLacks sight vocabularySpeech development may be hindering correct spellingHesistant to read stories to the classWants to talk instead of listen to others share their ideasStill making many reversals of letters, words, and phrases

Grow Potassium Alum or Synthetic Ruby Crystals

Grow Potassium Alum or Synthetic Ruby Crystals Potassium alum or potash alum crystals are among the most beautiful and largest crystals you can grow overnight. All you need is hot water and potassium alum, also known as potash alum. Potassium alum may be sold as a deodorant crystal or in solution for use as an astringent. I got the powder for growing this crystal from a Smithsonian crystal-growing kit (labeled as potassium alum). Prepare the Ruby Crystal Solution All you need to do to prepare the crystal solution is to mix as much potassium alum as will dissolve into 1 cup of very hot water. You can add food coloring to tint the crystals. The natural color of the crystals would be clear or white. Growing the Crystals I poured the solution into a clean bowl, trying to avoid getting any undissolved material into the new container. Allow the crystals to grow overnight. If your solution is very darkly colored, you wont be able to see whether or not you have crystal growth. You can use a spoon or fork to scrape crystals from the bottom. To get a large single crystal like this one, remove all of the crystals and return a few that have the desired form to the solution so they can continue growing. Remove them and allow them to dry when you are satisfied with their appearance. Synthetic Rubies One common form taken by this crystal is a regular octahedron with flattened corners. The colored crystal resembles a ruby. In fact, the first synthetic ruby was produced by Gaudin in 1837 by fusing potassium alum with a little chromium (for color) at a high temperature. A synthetic or natural ruby has a Mohs hardness of 9, while a potassium alum crystal only has a hardness of 2 and is readily soluble in water. Therefore, while your overnight-crystals may resemble a ruby, they are too soft and fragile for any purpose besides display. Even though they arent real rubies, these crystals are well worth your time since they are so so easy and quick to grow and have such a beautiful form.

Egyptian human rights organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Egyptian human rights organizations - Essay Example A. In a four part article entitled "The Effect of the Emergency Law on the Human Rights Situation In Egypt: 1992-2002," the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights traces the historical background of emergency law in Egypt throughout the twentieth century. According to the facts offered, the history of emergency laws in Egypt can be traced back to 1914, at which time it was first enacted due to the break out of World War I ("History" ). Significant to mention for purpose of discussion is that one of the laws enacted under the wider emergency law was the Gathering Law 10 of 1914 ("Conclusion"). Noteworthy here is that during this period in history, Egypt was increasingly falling under British political control and World War I was, as it may have been interpreted by Egyptian masses at that time, a war against Britain and her allies by Germany and her allies. This meant that there was an atmosphere of great excitement among the Egyptian population, many of whom supported a British defeat believing that would mean liberation for Egypt. Accordingly, within this politically tense and unstable climate, demonstrations were carried out by Egyptians against the British, their foreign occupiers. Accordingly, emergency laws and the law of gathering which accompanied it, were passed in order to control the growing resentment against Britain and to limit, as much as possible, public demonstrations against it. B. Within this context, it is possible to state that Egypt experienced its first emergency laws at the hands of its enemy and occupier and was explicitly intended to subdue the Egyptian masses, deprive them of the right to demand their freedom and liberation, and limit their ability to fight for this freedom ("Conclusion"). In other words, it was a law passed by an occupier and a colonizer to ensure continued occupation and colonization. C. Now you will explain that the Egyptian people continued to suffer from emergency rule, except for a couple of brief breaks, until the revolution of 1952. In other words, in the pre-revolutionary period and due to the circumstances of occupation, emergency laws were part of Egyptian political climate. III. Emergency Law Under Nasser: Post-1952: A. " the emergency law that the regime inherited in 1952 had two chief features: it gave the government very strong powers (for instance, verdicts of military courts could not be appealed but were submitted to the military governor for approval), and it could be portrayed as a creation of the British" (Brown 82-83). B. With a new government in place, many Egyptian intellectuals and nationalist emphasized the second feature of the emergency law. Unfortunately, the Nasser regime preferred to focus on the first feature, insofar as it gave them the power to deal effectively with all those elements

European Treaties Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European Treaties - Case Study Example Lisbon retains the present categories of legislative acts (regulations, directives, decisions), rather than using the categories of framework decisions, decisions and conventions in the Constitution5. The Lisbon Treaty also says explicitly, for the first time, that a country has the right to leave the European Union, something that has always been so under international law, but which has not been formally stated in a European Treaty before. In so doing, the Member States of the European Union have created the largest, and indeed the only, voluntary multinational democracy in human history6. Another major change is the procedure for conferring jurisdiction on the European Union courts to rule on patent disputes between private parties would, in the Reform Treaty, remain (as at present) unanimity in the Council and national ratification, whereas the Constitutional Treaty provided for qualified majority voting in the Council and co decision with the European Parliament7. The provisions for an 'emergency brake' on certain criminal law measures (allowing a Member State to block decision-making on criminal procedure or substantive criminal law, where voting will take place by a qualified majority) would be altered to make it explicit that European Union leaders must act by consensus if the issue is referred to them. The provision on social security for migrant workers, which would also be made subject to qualified majority voting and which also contains a similar emergency brake, would be altered to provide that European Union leaders could decide not to take action on a proposal; a declaration would also confirm that the EU leaders must act by consensus if the issue is referred to... Treaty Of Lisbon: Amendments to the treaty on European Union, House Of Commons Library, 24th January 2008, retrieved on 12th January 2009. Hilary White, Ireland to Hold Second Lisbon Treaty Referendum: Prime Minister Confirms, Lifesitenews.com, 22nd December 2008, retrieved on 13th January 2009. http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/dec/08122202.html

Aerated Concrete Industries, Co Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aerated Concrete Industries, Co - Case Study Example The chosen business organization is Aerated Concrete Industries, Co. which is engaged in the core business of production and manufacturing of light weight blocs and reinforced slabs.On the other hand, ACICO's subsidiaries are into contracting/construction, real estate development and/or investment and engineering consultant office. Because of the diversity of its business units, ACICO employs a corporate strategy centered on cost leadership.ACICO employs the expertise of its multiple sub-units in order to efficiently manage costs and enhance its expertise. It should be noted that there is a strong coordination among ACICO's business units which enable it to build skeleton houses in a relatively short period of three days. After purchasing land, the investment in real estate moves to develop the property. The engineering office processes the necessary permits and creates the design. Afterwards, the contracting unit takes over to begin and finish the construction. It can be seen that a ll the processes in real estate development and construction are all undertaken in-house. In fact, ACICO's competitive advantage is its capacity to undertake every process in the value chain efficiently enabling it to develop high quality housing at lower costs than competitors.Being engaged in a highly capital intensive business operation, ACICO profits through economies of scale. Its multiple sub-units enable it to spread its expenditures in advertisement and administration in order to minimize unit production cost. The company has also developed expertise in different each value chain process allowing it to create high quality products and provide excellent services. The three main strategies discussed above consistently diversify risks and keep consistent cash flow by generating income from different sources as well as financial engineering. 2. Translate the Strategies Identified into Strategic Tasks The broad strategies mentioned above are efficiently carried out by ACICO through its operations. Intensive growth is expected to be achieved by exploring suitable opportunities with aim to expand by enlarging the scale of operations of its existing business operations. Through diligent implementation of this intensive growth strategy, ACICO becomes successful in entering the Dubai, Saudi Arabian, Qatar markets with its Autoclaved Aerated Concrete plants and is currently working to penetrate the market and improve its market share by forging alliance with renowned local partners possessing who are proven market influences and share good local standing. This enables it to attain its objective of increasing shareholder wealth by expanding in core knowledgeable business. Integrative growth is undertaken through the implementation of backward, forward, and horizontal integration within the construction and real estate industry. Management intends exploiting the opportunities offered throughout this industry's value chain, which ultimately slows greater operating flexibility, reduces reliance on third party providers, deliver quality client service and offer competitive products to customers. This serves ACICO's objective of maximizing shareholder wealth by operating in all spheres of the construction and real estate value chain. The implementation of diversification growth strategy is intended to multiply growth prospects by focusing on profitable business ventures outside its core businesses. ACICO does this through a detailed mapping of the market prior to any decision to venture and is considered